INDIAN GEOGRAPHY OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

INDIAN GEOGRAPHY OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. Which one of the following rivers originates near Mahabaleshwar ?
(A) Godavari
(B) Krishna
(C) Kaveri
(D) Tapi

2. With reference to the climate of India, the western disturbances originate over which one of the following ?
(A) Arabian Sea
(B) Baltic Sea
(C) Caspian Sea
(D) Mediterranean Sea

3. In which one of the following states is the Nanga Parbat peak located ?
(A) Sikkim
(B) Himachal Pradesh
(C) Jammu and Kashmir
(D) Uttarakhand

4. In India, which of the following are the Southernmost hills ?
(A) Anaimalai hills
(B) Cardamom hills
(C) Nilgiri hills
(D) Javacli hills

5. Where are the coal reserves of India largely concentrated ?
(A) Son valley
(B) Mahanadi valley
(C) Damodar valley
(D) Godavari valley

6. Which of the following Indian island lies between India and Sri Lanka ?
(A) Elephanta
(B) Nicobar
(C) Rameshwaram
(D) Salsette

7. In which state do the Mansoon arrives first ?
(A) Assam
(B) West Bengal
(C) Maharashtra
(D) Kerala

8. Which one of the following Indian states leads in the production of rubber ?
(A) Tamil Nadu
(B) Karnataka
(C) Kerala
(D) Andhra Pradesh

9. Which one of the following areas of India does not come under the zone of high seismic intensity ?
(A) Uttarakhand
(B) Karnataka Plateau
(C) Kachchh
(D) Himachal Pradesh

10. Between which ranges does the Kashmir valley in the Himlayas lie ?
(A) Siwalik and Pir Panjal
(B) Pirpanjal and Dhauladhar
(C) Zanskar and Pir Panjal
(D) Dhauladhar and Zanskar

11. Indravati is a tributary of which river ?
(A) Ganga
(B) Godavari
(C) Krishna
(D) Mahanadi

12. Which one of the following Indian rivers forms an estuary ?
(A) Godavari
(B) Kaveri
(C) Tapi
(D) Mahanadi

13. What is the name of the major base of Indian Navy at Karwar ?
(A) INS Kadamba
(B) INS Vikramaditya
(C) INS Harshvardhan
(D) INS Kushan

14. Where is Thattekad Bird Sanctuary located ?
(A) Kerala
(B) Tamil Nadu
(C) Karnataka
(D) Andhra Pradesh

15. In which one of the following states of India is the Pamayangtse Monastery situated ?
(A) Nagaland
(B) Himachal Pradesh
(C) Sikkim
(D) Arunachal Pradesh

16. What is the median age (approximate) of the Indian population ?
(A) 25 years
(B) 29 years
(C) 32 years
(D) 35 years

17. Which one of the following is not correctly matched ?
(A) NH 2 — Delhi - Kolkata
(B) NH 4 — Chennai - Thane
(C) NH 3 — Agra - Mumbai
(D) NH 9 — Delhi - Mumbai

18. Nagda is well known as a centre of production of—
(A) Steel
(B) Automobiles
(C) Viscose staple fibre
(D) Electric motors

19. Where is the college of defence management Located ?
(A) Dehradun
(B) Wellington
(C) Pune
(D) Secunderabad

20. In which state is the hydel power project Nathpa Jhakari located ?
(A) Himachal Pradesh
(B) Uttarakhand
(C) Jammu and Kashmir
(D) Madhya Pradesh

21. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched—
(A) Haldia : Orissa
(B) Jamnagar : Maharashtra
(C) Numaligarh : Gujarat
(D) Panangudi : Tamil Nadu

22. Assertion (A) : The Gangatic plains are among the most beautiful agricultural areas of the world.
Reason (R) : The Gangetic plains contain predominatly regur soil.
Codes :
(A) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explaination of A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false but R is true

23. Which of the following states has the highest production of coffee in India ?
(A) Karnataka
(B) Tamil Nadu
(C) Kerala
(D) Andhra Pradesh

24. The length of the Indian coast line is—
(A) 5000 km
(B) 5500 km
(C) 7516·6 km
(D) 5800 km

25. The Bodo language is spoken in which of the following states ?
(A) Mizoram
(B) Tamil Nadu
(C) Assam
(D) Arunachal Pradesh

26. How many National waterways are there in India ?
(A) 3
(B) 5
(C) 7
(D) 9

27. Which state of India has the highest population density ?
(A) UP
(B) Kerala
(C) West Bengal
(D) Bihar

28. Consider the following statements about Uttar Pradesh—
1. Geographical area of UP is about 2,41,000 sq. kms.
2. Sex Ratio in UP as per 2001 census was 933 females per 1000 males.
3. UP has 17 Revenue Divisions.
4. Literacy percentage in UP as per 2001 census was 60·1.
Which among the following statement is not correct.
(A) 1 and 2
(B) 2 and 4
(C) 3 and 2
(D) 4 and 1

29. Who is known as "Father of white Revolution" in India ?
(A) M. S. Swaminathan
(B) V. Kurien
(C) K. N. Bahl
(D) B. P. Pal

30. In the Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh states, the joint "Rajghat River Valley Project" is launched on—
(A) Ken River
(B) Son River
(C) Chambal River
(D) Betwa River

31. Consider the following statements and select the correct answer from the code given below—
1. Indias population is characterised by a high growth rate.
2. With the current growth rate it is likely to over take China in the near future.
3. Out of every six persons of the world one is an Indian.
4. About 40% of the India's population is below the poverty line level.
Codes :
(A) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
(B) 2, 3 and 4 are correct
(C) 1, 3 and 4 are correct
(D) 1, 2 and 4 are correct

32. Which state in country has the largest number of districts ?
(A) Madhya Pradesh
(B) Maharashtra
(C) Tamil Nadu
(D) Uttar Pradesh

33. Which of the following rivers have almost the same point of emerging ?
(A) Brahmaputra and Ganga
(B) Tapi and Beas
(C) Brahmaputra and Indus
(D) Indus and Ganga

34. In which state of India is the maximum area irrigated by tubewells ?
(A) Madhya Pradesh
(B) Bihar
(C) Rajasthan
(D) Uttar Pradesh

Answers
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (C) 4. (B) 5. (C) 6. (C) 7. (D) 8. (C) 9. (B) 10. (C)
11. (B) 12. (C) 13. (A) 14. (A) 15. (C) 16. (C) 17. (D) 18. (C) 19. (D) 20. (A)
21. (D) 22. (C) 23. (A) 24. (C) 25. (C) 26. (D) 27. (C) 28. (B) 29. (B) 30. (D)
31. (A) 32. (D) 33. (C) 34. (D)

INDIAN HISTORY AND CULTURE OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

INDIAN HISTORY AND CULTURE OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. Who among the following taught the doctrine of 'Shunyata' ?
(A) Nagarjuna
(B) Shankaracharya
(C) Harisena
(D) Vallabhacharya

2. Who of the following kings was an ardent follower of Jainism ?
(A) Bimbsara
(B) Mahapadma Nanda
(C) Kharavela
(D) Pulakesin II

3. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists—
List-I (Name of author)
(a) Abul Fazl
(b) Nizamuddin Ahmad
(c) Krishnadeva Raya
(d) Kalhan
List-II (Name of the book)
1. Tabqat-i-Akbari
2. Akbarnama
3. Rajatarangini
4. Amuktamalyada
Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) 2 4 1 3
(B) 3 1 4 2
(C) 2 1 4 3
(D) 3 4 1 2

4. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched ?
(A) Shiekh Shihabuddin Suharwardi—Sufi Saint
(B) Chaitanya Maha Prabhu—Bhakti Saint
(C) Minhaj-us siraj—Founder of Sufi order
(D) Lalleshwari—Bhakti Saint

5. To which dynasty did Ashoka belong ?
(A) Vardhana
(B) Maurya
(C) Kushan
(D) Gupta

6. Which one of the following battles was fought between Babar and the Rajputs in 1527 ?
(A) The First Battle of Panipat
(B) The Battle of Khanwa
(C) The Battle of Ghagra
(D) The Battle of Chanderi

7. Aryabhatta and Varahamihira belong to which age ?
(A) Guptas
(B) Cholas
(C) Mauryas
(D) Mughals

8. Panini, the first Grammarian of Sanskrit language in India, lived during the—
(A) 2nd century B.C.
(B) 6th-5th century B.C.
(C) 2nd century A.D.
(D) 5th-6th century A.D.

9. Consider the following statements about Amir Khusro—
1. He was a disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya.
2. He was the founder of both Hindustani Classical Music and Qawwali. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

10. The treaty of Bassein (1802) was signed between—
(A) Madhav Rao and the British
(B) Baji Rao II and the British
(C) Mahadji Scindia and the British
(D) Holkar and the British

11. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists—
List-I (Sun temple)
(a) Dakshinaarka Temple
(b) Surya Pahar Temple
(c) Suryanaar Temple
(d) Suryanarayanaswamy Temple
List-II (Location)
1. Goalpara (Assam)
2. Arasavilli (Andhara Pradesh)
3. Kumbhkonam (Tamil Nadu)
4. Madhera (Gujarat)
Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) 4 2 5 1
(B) 3 1 4 2
(C) 4 1 5 2
(D) 3 2 4 1

12. The words 'Satyameva Jayate' in the State Emblem of India, have been adopted from which one of the following ?
(A) Brahma Upanishad
(B) Mudgala Upanishad
(C) Maitreyi Upanishad
(D) Mundaka Upanishad

13. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists—
List-I (Symbol)
(a) Elephant
(b) Tree
(c) Empty throne
(d) Horse
List-II (Important event of life of Buddha)
1. Renouncement of worldly pleasures
2. Birth of Buddha
3. Enlightenment
4. Representation of Royalty
Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) 2 4 3 1
(B) 3 1 4 2
(C) 3 4 1 2
(D) 2 3 4 1

14. Which one of the following kingdoms was founded by Raja Odeyar ?
(A) Tanjore
(B) Jenji
(C) Mysore
(D) Madura

15. The Sarvodaya Movement was started by—
(A) Mahatma Gandhi
(B) Jayprakash Narayan
(C) Vinoba Bhave
(D) Datta Dharmodhikari

16. The temples of Khajuraho were built by—
(A) Chandelas
(B) Pallavas
(C) Chalukayas
(D) Qutubuddin

17. Kuchipudi dance originated in—
(A) Orissa
(B) Karnataka
(C) Kerala
(D) Andhra Pradesh

18. Which was the only Indus city without a citadel ?
(A) Kalibangan
(B) Harappa
(C) Mohanjodaro
(D) Chanhudaro

19. Ashoka called the third Buddist council at—
(A) Kalibangan
(B) Pataliputra
(C) Magadha
(D) Sarnath

20. The tutor of Alexander the great was—
(A) Darius
(B) Cyrus
(C) Socrates
(D) Aristotle

21. Place Chronalogically the following treaties—
1. Treaty of Amritsar
2. Treaty of Bassein
3. Treaty of Seringapatam
4. Treaty of Salbai
Codes :
(A) 1, 3, 2, 4
(B) 4, 3, 1, 2
(C) 4, 3, 2, 1
(D) 2, 1, 4, 3

22. The Delhi general who successfully advanced up to Madurai was—
(A) Khizr Khan
(B) Muhammad Ghori
(C) Malik Kafur
(D) Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq

23. Which of the following literary works belongs to classical Sanskrit literature ?
(A) Dhammapada
(B) Vedas
(C) Meghadutam
(D) Dighanikaya

24. Consider according to Buddism—
Assertion (A) : There is no rebirth.
Reason (R) : There is no soul.
Now select your answer from the following codes :
Codes :
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false but R is true

25. Which one of the following propounded that destiny determines everything, man is powerless ?
(A) Jainas
(B) Buddists
(C) Ajivakas
(D) Mimansakas

26. Sheikh Nizamuddin Auliya was the disciple of—
(A) Sheikh Alauddin Sabir
(B) Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti
(C) Baba Farid
(D) Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi

27. Which one of the following was favoured by Nehru but not favoured by Gandhiji ?
(A) Truth
(B) Non-violence
(C) Untouchability
(D) Heavy industrialisation

28. Ashtadhayi was written by—
(A) Vedavyas
(B) Panini
(C) Shukadeva
(D) Balmiki

29. Lord Buddha preached the following four Noble truths. Put them in correct order using the code given below—
1. There is suffering
2. There is cessation of suffering
3. There is a path leading to cessation of suffering
4. There is cause of suffering
Codes :
(A) 1, 4, 2, 3
(B) 1, 4, 3, 2
(C) 1, 3, 2, 4
(D) 1, 2, 4, 3

30. Consider—
Assertion (A) : Nehru had no regard for the upanishads.
Reason (R) : His attitude was scientific.
Now select your answer from the following codes—
Codes :
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are true, but R is not correct explanation of A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false but R is true

Answers
1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (C) 4. (C) 5. (B) 6. (B) 7. (A) 8. (B) 9. (C) 10. (B)
11. (A) 12. (D) 13. (D) 14. (C) 15. (C) 16. (A) 17. (D) 18. (D) 19. (B) 20. (D)
21. (C) 22. (C) 23. (C) 24. (D) 25. (C) 26. (C) 27. (D) 28. (B) 29. (A) 30. (D)

VIJAYA BANK PROBATIONARY OFFICERS SOLVED PAPER

VIJAYA BANK PROBATIONARY OFFICERS 2008

GENERAL AWARENESS

1. The Foreign Exchange Reserve of India are kept in the custody of……
(A) World Bank
(B) International Monetary Fund
(C) Prime Minister Rahat Kosh
(D) Reserve Bank of India
(E) None of these

2. The Reserve Bank of India issues coins and notes of various denominations. At present RBI does not issue coins of which of the following denominations ?
(A) 10 paise
(B) 20 paise
(C) 25 paise
(D) 50 paise
(E) 1·00 Rupee

3. The European Union has adopted which of the following as a common currency ?
(A) Dollar
(B) Dinar
(C) Yen
(D) Peso
(E) Euro

4. Various Banks in the country have installed machines which disburse money to general public. These machines are called……
(A) Coin dispensing machines
(B) ATMs
(C) Debit Card Machines
(D) Ledger Machines
(E) None of these

5. Which of the following names is not associated with the insurance business in India ?
(A) Bajaj Allianz
(B) LIC
(C) GIC
(D) Tata AIG
(E) GE Money

6. Commodity Exchanges at various places in India are trading in many metals like gold, silver, etc. Many times we read in newspapers that gold no more has emained the highest trading option and has been replaced by a non-traditional metal known as……
(A) copper
(B) steel
(C) zinc
(D) white gold
(E) None of these

7. Which of the following is known as Plastic money ?
1. Demand Draft
2. Credit Card
3. Debit Card
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 2
(C) Only 3
(D) Both 2 and 3
(E) All 1, 2 and 3

8. Many a time we see a term in newspapers ‘IPO’. What is the full form of the same ?
(A) Indian Public Offer
(B) Institutional Purchase
(C) Industrial Purchase Order
(D) Indian Purchase Offer
(E) Initial Public Offer

9. Many a times we read in financial newspapers a term/name NMCEX. What is the full form of the same ?
(A) New Multi Capital Exchange
(B) National Medium Commodity Exchange
(C) National Multi Commodity Exchange
(D) Net Marketable Commodity Exchange
(E) None of these

10. Many Banks these days are entering into business of offering loans against property. This business of the banks can be categorized under which of the following heads of banking ?
(A) Corporate Banking
(B) Personal Banking
(C) Merchant Banking
(D) Portfolio Management Service
(E) None of these

11. Which of the following organizations/banks has done a commendable work in the field of micro finance and was awarded Nobel Prize also in the past ?
(A) Gramin Bank of Bangladesh
(B) CRY
(C) ASHA
(D) NABARD
(E) None of these

12. Nobel Prizes are not given for the performance in the area of…
(A) Literature
(B) Physics
(C) Chemistry
(D) Music
(E) Medical Science

13. In which of the following Hindi films has actor Shahrukh Khan played the role of a Hockey Coach ?
(A) Guru
(B) Chak De India
(C) Om Shanti Om
(D) Jab We Met
(E) None of these

14. Which of the following countries has not made any significant investment in India ?
(A) Japan
(B) USA
(C) Nepal
(D) Britain
(E) France

15. Which of the following is considered an informal method of getting credit/finance ?
(A) Internet Banking
(B) Branch visits
(C) Going to money lenders
(D) Tele Banking
(E) All of these

16. Which amongst the following nations is not a member of the SAARC ?
(A) Bangladesh
(B) Bhutan
(C) Nepal
(D) Maldives
(E) South Africa

17. Which of the following indexes is developed to measure life expectancy, level of literacy, education and standard of living of people in a country ?
(A) Inflation
(B) Sensex
(C) Human Development Index
(D) SLR
(E) None of these

18. Which of the following is not a Public Sector Unit/Undertaking/Agency ?
(A) ECGC
(B) SEBI
(C) SIDBI
(D) Axis Bank
(E) BHEL

19. Which of the countries represent letter ‘C’ in the category known as BRIC countries ?
(A) Canada
(B) Chile
(C) Cuba
(D) Croatia
(E) China

20. Who amongst the following addresses the nation on the Independence Day from the ramparts of the Red Fort, Delhi ?
(A) President of India
(B) UPA Chairperson
(C) Speaker of the Lok Sabha
(D) Prime Minister of India
(E) None of these

21. Which of the following awards is given for excellence in the field of sports ?
(A) Kalidas Samman
(B) Dhyanchand Award
(C) Shram Vir Award
(D) Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award
(E) None of these

22. Which of the following does not represent the name of a bank working in India ?
(A) YES
(B) HDFC
(C) TATA
(D) Kotak Mahindra
(E) Axis

23. Twenty-20 matches are played in the game of……
(A) Hockey
(B) Football
(C) Badminton
(D) Tennis
(E) Cricket

24. Which of the following deals between India and one major country was put on a hold for some time as India is finding difficult to implement it ?
(A) 123 Pact with USA
(B) Fifth generation fighter plane deal with Russia
(C) Heavy Water deal with Iran
(D) Border talks with China
(E) None of these

25. Which of the following is a type of tax levied by the Govt. on goods and services ?
(A) SAT
(B) NET
(C) PAN
(D) VAT
(E) None of these

26. As per the news appeared in some major newspapers India is number two in getting ‘PE’. What is the full form of ‘PE’ as used in the financial world ?
(A) Professional and Ecofriendly
(B) Profitable Equity
(C) Profitable and Economical
(D) Private and Economical
(E) Private Equity

27. Many a times we read in newspapers about ‘Financial Inclusion’. What does it really mean ? [Pick up correct statement(s)]
1. Allow the merger and acquisition of banks so that only few big banks exist and continue to cater to the need of corporate sector.
2. Expending the network of banks in such a way that people from lower strata of society also get the benefit of services provided by banks.
3. Providing Insurance cover to each and every citizen so that he/she can live a healthy and long life.
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 2
(C) Only 3
(D) Both 1 and 2
(E) All 1, 2 and 3

28. Which of the following organizations recently issued some guidelines related to ‘Participatory Notes’ as used in financial world ?
(A) RBI
(B) IRDA
(C) SEBI
(D) AMFI
(E) None of these

29. Heavy Water is normally used by which of the following industries ?
(A) Nuclear Power generation plants
(B) Pharma Industry
(C) Paper Industry
(D) Sugar plants
(E) None of these

30. As per news items published in various newspapers, Italy has offered its help in developing ‘SMEs’ in India. What is the full form of ‘SME’ ?
(A) Small and Monopolistic Economy
(B) Small and Medium Enterprises
(C) Speedy and Mechanical
(D) Small and Medium Level Economy
(E) None of these

31. Which of the following statements about the ‘exports’ from India is true ?
1. Exports are showing good rate of growth.
2. Exports are growing in volume but still they are poorer than imports in terms of value.
3. Exports are not improving the way they were growing two years back.
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 2
(C) Only 3
(D) Both 1 and 3 are correct
(E) None of these

32. Which of the following countries for the first time elected a lady as its President recently ?
(A) Argentina
(B) China
(C) New Zealand
(D) Russia
(E) None of these

33. The Govt. of India keeps on clearing the proposal of setting up new SEZs at several places. What does the letter ‘S’ represent in the ‘SEZ’ ?
(A) Soft
(B) Small
(C) Special
(D) Supportive
(E) None of these

34. Which of the following is not a foodgrain ?
(A) Wheat
(B) Rice
(C) Maize
(D) Jowar
(E) Cotton

35. Who amongst the following was made the Chairman of the National Land Reforms Council ?
(A) Smt. Sonia Gandhi
(B) Arjun Singh
(C) Pranav Mukherjee
(D) Kamal Nath
(E) Manmohan Singh

36. Various Govt. agencies/organizations are given responsibilities for implementing various policies/decisions of the Govt. of India. Policies about credit flow to the agricultural/priority sector are framed/implemented through which of the following apex bodies ?
(A) ECGC
(B) NABARD
(C) UTI
(D) IDBI Bank
(E) None of these

37. As we read every then and now the Monetary and Credit Policy is reviewed and changes/corrections are made frequently. Who amongst the following exactly takes this decision in India ?
(A) Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission
(B) Prime Minister
(C) Finance Minister
(D) Chairman Finance Commission
(E) None of these

38. The World Bank sanctioned Rs. 18,000 crores to which of the following states for its Poverty Alleviation Programme ?
(A) Karnataka
(B) Gujarat
(C) Maharashtra
(D) Uttar Pradesh
(E) None of these

39. The UNO has declared year 2008 as the year of……
(A) AIDS Prevention
(B) Potato
(C) Water Harvesting
(D) Social Justice to Children
(E) None of these

40. Who amongst the following is the author of the book ‘Pakistan– The Gathering Storms’ ?
(A) Benazir Bhutto
(B) Parvez Musharraf
(C) Arun Shourie
(D) Arun Gandhi
(E) None of these

41. Which of the following is not a gallantry Award ?
(A) Vir Chakra
(B) Jeevan Raksha Padak
(C) Ashok Chakra
(D) Mahavir Chakra
(E) Saraswati Samman

42. Which of the following states has approved sharing Neyyar Irrigation Project water with Tamil Nadu ?
(A) Karnataka
(B) Andhra Pradesh
(C) Kerala
(D) Maharashtra and Karnataka
(E) None of these

43. Which of the following is not a foreign bank working in India ?
(A) HSBC
(B) Barclays
(C) Standard Chartered
(D) Yes Bank
(E) All are foreign banks

44. Who amongst the following is the Chairman of the 13th Finance Commission ?
(A) Bimal Jalan
(B) Y. V. Reddy
(C) C. Rangarajan
(D) Vijay Kelkar
(E) None of these

45. India has the least or negligible trade relations with …………
(A) Japan
(B) Britain
(C) South Africa
(D) Uganda
(E) Iran

46. Your friend has received a sum of Rs. 10000 from his grandparents. He wants to deposit this sum in a bank under a condition of not to withdraw fully or partially for at least two years. He will be needed to open which type of account in the bank ?
(A) Small savings account
(B) Current account
(C) Fixed deposit account
(D) Demat account
(E) None of these

47. Recently, this was in news that ASEAN is an association of ……
(A) Commonwealth nations
(B) SAARC nations
(C) South-Eastern Asian nations
(D) Oil-exporting nations
(E) African nations

48. Names of two important persons are often visible in newspapers/magazines/electronic media. These names are Dr. C. Rangarajan and Dr. Bimal Jalan. Which of the following facts are identical in the life of both these two persons ?
(A) Both are principal economic advisors to the Prime Minister
(B) Both are the Members of the Lok Sabha
(C) Both are the former Governors of RBI
(D) Both were the Finance Ministers of India
(E) There is nothing similar in both

49. Which of the following places of West Bengal was in news recently, since some violent incidences took place due to an attempt of agricultural land aquisition for industrial purposes ?
(A) Khadakpur
(B) Nandigram
(C) Howrah
(D) Bolepur
(E) None of these

50. In accordance with the reports published in the papers/magazines, the Government of India and some NGOs have declared/started some projects to help/ to provide relief to the farmers in general and specially to perplexed farmers. Which of the following is not such a plan ?
(A) Crop insurance plan
(B) E-Chaupal
(C) Subsidy for chemical fertilizers
(D) Reconstruction of watershade/water-bodies
(E) Mid-day meal

Answers
1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (E) 4. (B) 5. (E) 6. (D) 7. (D) 8. (E) 9. (C) 10. (B)
11. (A) 12. (D) 13. (B) 14. (C) 15. (C) 16. (E) 17. (C) 18. (B) 19. (E) 20. (D)
21. (B) 22. (C) 23. (E) 24. (A) 25. (D) 26. (E) 27. (B) 28. (C) 29. (A) 30. (B)
31. (C) 32. (A) 33. (C) 34. (E) 35. (E) 36. (B) 37. (E) 38. (D) 39. (B) 40. (A)
41. (E) 42. (C) 43. (D) 44. (D) 45. (D) 46. (C) 47. (C) 48. (C) 49. (B) 50. (E)

FIVE YEAR PLANS OBJECTIVES

FIVE YEAR PLANS OBJECTIVES

1 First Plan (1951 - 56) It was based on Harrod-Domar Model.
Community Development Program was launched in 1952.
Emphasized on agriculture, price stability, power & transport.
It was more than a success, because of good harvests in the last two years.

2 Second Plan (1956 - 61) Also called Mahalanobis Plan after its chief architect.
Its objective was rapid industrialization.
Advocated huge imports which led to emptying of funds leading to foreign loans. It shifted basic emphasis from agriculture to industry far too soon. During this plan, price level increased by 30%, against a decline of 13% during the First Plan.

3 Third Plan (1961 - 66) At its conception time, it was felt that Indian economy has entered a take-off stage. Therefore, its aim was to make India a 'self-reliant' and 'self-generating' economy.
Also, it was realized from the experience of first two plans that agriculture should be given the top priority to suffice the requirement of export and industry.
Complete failure due to unforeseen misfortunes, viz. Chinese aggression (1962), Indo-Pak war (1965), severest drought in 100 years (1965-66).

4 Three Annual Plans (1966-69) Plan holiday for 3years. The prevailing crisis in agriculture and serious food shortage necessitated the emhasis on agriculture during the Annual Plans.
During these plans a whole new agricultural strategy involving wide-spread distribution of High-Yielding Varieties of seeds, the extensive use of fertilizers, exploitation of irrigation potential and soil conservation was put into action to tide-over the crisis in agricultural production.
During the Annual Plans, the economy basically absorbed the shocks given during the Third Plan, making way for a planned growth.

5 Fourth Plan (1969 - 74) Main emphasis on agriculture's growth rate so that a chain reaction can start.
Fared well in the first two years with record production, last three years failure because of poor monsoon.
Had to tackle the influx of Bangladeshi refugees before and after 1971 Indo-Pak war.

6 Fifth Plan(1974-79) The fifth plan prepared and launched by D.D. Dhar proposed to achieve two main objectives viz, 'removal of poverty' (Garibi Hatao) and 'attainment of self reliance', through promotion of high rate of growth, better distribution of income and a very significant growth in the domestic rate of savings.
The plan was terminated in 1978 (instead of 1979) when Janta Govt.came to power.

7 Rolling Plan (1978 - 80) There were 2 Sixth Plans. One by Janta Govt. (for 78-83) which was in operation for 2 years only and the other by the Congress Govt. when it returned to power in 1980.

8 Sixth Plan (1980 - 85) Objectives: Increase in national income, modernization of technology, ensuring continuous decrease in poverty and unemployment, population control through family planning, etc.

9 Seventh Plan (1985 - 90) The Seventh plan emphasized policies and programs which aimed at rapid growth in food-grains production, increased employment opportunities and productivity within the framework of basic tenants of planning.
It was a great success, the economy recorded 6% growth rate against the targeted 5%.

10 Eighth Plan (1992 - 97) The eighth plan was postponed by two years because of political upheavals at the Centre and it was launched after a worsening Balance of Payment position and inflation during 1990-91.
The plan undertook various drastic policy measures to combat the bad economic situation and to undertake an annual average growth of 5.6%
Some of the main economic performances during eighth plan period were rapid economic growth, high growth of agriculture and allied sector, and manufacturing sector, growth in exports and imports, improvement in trade and current account deficit.

11 Ninth Plan (1997- 2002) It was developed in the context of four important dimensions: Quality of life, generation of productive employment, regional balance and self-reliance.

12 Tenth Plan (2002 - 2007) To achieve the growth rate of GDP @ 8%.
Reduction of poverty ratio to 20% by 2007 and to 10% by 2012.
Providing gainful high quality employment to the addition to the labour force over the tenth plan period.
Universal access to primary education by 2007.
Reduction in gender gaps in literacy and wage rates by atleast 50% by 2007.
Reduction in decadal rate of population growth between 2001 and 2011 to 16.2%.
Increase in literacy rate to 72% within the plan period and to 80% by 2012.
Reduction of Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) to 45 per 1000 live births by 2007 and to 28 by 2012.
Increase in forest and tree cover to 25% by 2007 and 33% by 2012.
All villages to have sustained access to potable drinking water by 2012.
Cleaning of all major polluted rivers by 2007 and other notified stretches by 2012.

Plan Target Actual
First Plan (1951 - 56) 2.9% 3.6%
Second Plan (1956 - 61) 4.5% 4.3%
Third Plan (1961 - 66) 5.6% 2.8%
Fourth Plan (1969 - 1974) 5.7% 3.3%
Fifth Plan (1974 - 79) 4.4% 4.8%
Sixth Plan (1980 - 85) 5.2% 6.0%
Seventh Plan (1985 - 90) 5.0% 6.0%
Eighth Plan (1992 - 97) 5.6% 6.8%
Ninth Plan (1997 - 2002) 6.5% 5.4%
Tenth Plan (2002 - 2007) 8.0% -

IDIOMS AND PHRASES

FAMOUS IDIOMS AND PHRASES

• Above all (chiefly, mainly)
• On Account of (due to, for the reason)
• On no account (not for any reason)
• Above board (honest, beyond reproach)
• To give a good account of oneself (to act with credit to oneself)
• A fidus Achates (a faithful friend)
• The heel of Achilles (a week point)
• An Adonis (a very handsome man)
• To build castles in the air (To day dream)
• To assume airs (to affect superiority)
• To air one’s opinions (to give vent to one’s feeling in public)
• To stand aloof (To keep to oneself and not mix with others)
• To lead to the altar (to marry)
• An Amazon (a warlike masculine woman)
• An Ananias (a liar)
• An Apollo (a man with perfect physique)
• The apple of discord (cause of quarrel)
• To upset the apple cart (to disturb the peace)
• Apple pie order (in perfect order)
• Arcadian life (a blissful ,happy , rural and simple life)
• To keep a person at an arm’s length (to avoid and keep distance from a person)
• To take up arms ( to fight , to go to war)
• To have an axe to grind ( to have some selfish objective in view)
• Not to know a B from a bull’s foot ( to be ignorant of even the simplest things)
• A Babel (a confused noise)
• To break the back of any thing(to perform the most difficult part of it)
• To get one’s back up (to rouse one’s anger)
• To backbite a person (to slander or speak ill of someone)
• He has no backbone (he has no will of his own)
• To cause bad blood (to cause enmity)
• Bag and baggage (with all one’s belongings)
• To keep the ball rolling ( to keep things going0
• Baptism of fire ( a soldier’s first experience of actual war)
• To call to the bar (to admit as a barrister)
• Barmecide’s feast ( imaginary benefits)
• To beat about the bush (to approach a matter in an indirect and round about manner)
• To be dead beat (worn out by fatigue)
• Bed and board (lodging and food )
• As you make your bed, so must lie on it (you will have to bear the consequences of your crimes or your own mistakes or misdeeds)
• To take to one’s bed (to have to be confined to bed as a result of sickness)
• Bee- line (the shortest distance between two places)
• To go a –begging (to be sold very cheaply because no one cares to buy)
• Behind one’s back (without one’s Knowledge)
• Behind the scenes (in private, out of sight)
• To bell the cat (to undertake a dangerous task and the enemy is common)
• To hit below the belt (to act unfairly in a contest)
• His better half (a man’s wife)
• A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush (certainty is better then possibility)
• An old bird is not to be caught with chaff (experienced people are not easily fooled or deceived)
• To take the bit between one’s teeth (to get out of control)
• To bite the dust (to be defeated in battle)
• The biter bit (to cheat the cheater)
• His bark was worse than his bite (he usually makes a lot of vain verbal threats)
• A wet Blanket (a person who is a discourage)
• In cold Blood (deliberately)
• Blood is thicker than water (One usually takes the side of ones relation against another who is not one’s own blood)
• To blow hot and cold (to do one think at one time and the opposite soon after)
• A blue stocking (a learned woman)
• Once in a blue moon (a very rare occurrence)
• Blue ribbon (the highest prize in any sport competition)
• At first Blush (at first sight)
• In the same boat (in the same misfortune or circumstances)
• A bolt from the blue (a sudden )
• A bone of contention (a cause of dispute)
• A Book-worm (a person always poring over books)
• By leaps and bounds (with remarkable speed)
• Breach of promise (failure to keep a promise to marry one of whom you are betrothed)
• One’s bread and butter (one’s means of livelihood)
• His bread is well butter (he is in fortunate circumstance)
• The bread winner (one who provides the means of livelihood for himself and his family)
• To Break in (to tame, to control in a gentle manner)
• To break the news (to reveal something pleasant in a gentle manner)
• To break the ice (to be the first to begin)
• To breadth one’s last (to die)
• To breadth freely again (to be no longer in a fear or anxiety)
• To make bricks without straw (to attempt to do something without proper materials or due preparations)
• Never cross the Bridge until you come to it (don’t anticipate difficulties
• It is an broad as it is long (it is the same whichever way you view it)
• To brow beat (to bully)
• To kick the bucket (to die)
• John bull (an Englishman)
• To burry the hatchet (to forget past quarrels and be friends again)
• Good wine needs no bush (there is no need to advertise something good)
• To raise cain (to rebuke severely)
• To take the cake (to take the first prize)
• To burn the candle at both ends (to expend energy in two directions at the same time)
• If the cap fits, wear it (if you think the remarks refer to you)
• Capitan punishment (the death sentence or penalty)
• To put the cart before the horse (to do first what ought to be done afterwards)
• To let the cat out of the bag (to expose the trick)
• To fight like cats and dog (to be always quarrelling and fighting)
• Care killed the cat (don’t fret and worry yourself to death)
• See which way the cat jumps (sit on fence)
• To rain cats and dogs (to rain incessantly)
• He is a cat’s paw (one used as a to something dangerous)
• To Catch one’s eye (to attract attention)
• To take the chair (to preside a meeting)
• She is no chicken (she is older than she says)
• Chicken hearted (weak, timid)
• Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched (don’t calculate your gains before they are realized)
• A chip of the old block (a son resembling his father in face disposition, habits etc.)
• Hobson’s choice (no alterative)
• To pick and choose (to make a careful selection)
• Every cloud has a silver lining (adverse conditions do not last for ever)
• To square the circle (to attempt something impossible)
• Close fisted (mean)
• To have one’s head in the cloud (to live in dreamland)
• To carry coals to New castle (to do any thing superfluous)
• Cut your cloth according to your cloth (live within your income)
• A cock and bull story (a foolishly incredible story)
• To be cock sure (to be absolutely certain)
• To throw cold water upon anything (to discourage effort)
• Off color (not in the usual form)
• To came off with flying color (to succeed brilliantly)
• To commit to memory (to learn by heart)
• Too many cooks spoil the broth (when there are more worpkers than necessary)
• To send to Coventry (to boycott)
• An admirable Crichton (a very talented person)
• Crocodile tears (hypocritical tears)
• By hook or by crook (by fair or foul means)
• As the crow flies (in a direct line)
• To take up the cudgels (to champion or flight for someone)
• To curry favour (to seek favour by flattery)
• Cut and dried (ready made)
• To cut a dash (to make an impression)
• To be at daggers drawn (to be deadly enemies)
• A dare-devil (a fearless, reckless man)
• Up to date (recent, modern)
• Out of date (obsolete)
• Evil days (a period of misfortune)
• Halcyon days (A time when there is peace and happiness in the land)
• To step into dead man’s shoes (to come into an inheritance)
• To give the devil his due (give a person credit for his good qualities however worthless he may be)
• Go to the devil (be off)
• Devil’s playthings (playing cards)
• Devil’s bones (dice)
• To be between the devil and the deep sea (to be faced with two dangerous situations, each of which is to be dreaded as much as the other)
• To be on the horns of dilemma (to in such a position that it is difficult to decide what to do)
• Give a dog a bad name and hang him (once a person loses his reputation)
• To be a dog in the manger (to prevent others from using what one can’t use oneself )
• Every dog has his day (sooner or later, every one has his share of good fortune)
• To be in the doldrums (to be in low spirits, to be out of spirits)
• Ups and downs (varying fortunes; changes and chances of life)
• To throw dust in one’s eyes (to try to deceive some one )
• Dutch courage (bravery induced by alcoholic liquors)
• Eagle –eye (quick to discover; very discerning )
• A bad egg (a worthless person)
• Don’t put your eggs in one basket (Don’t stake all your money on a single industry)
• A white elephant (a useless possession which is extremely expensive to keep )
• At the eleventh hour (at the last moment)
• To make both ends meet (to keep expenses within one’s income)
• An eye for an eye(tit for tat to return evil for evil ;retaliate
• Bad faith (dishonest intentions)
• A breach of faith (to act contrary to what one had professed)
• To fall out (to quarrel)
• To fall through (fail)
• Birds of a feather flock together (people of similar tastes and dis- positions crave each other’s company)
• To set the Thames on fire (to do something sensational or remarkable)
• A burnt child dreads the fire (one who has had a previous unpleasant experience is always scared of situations where such experience are likely to be repeated)
• A fish out of water (anyone in an awkward)
• Other fish to fry (more important business to attend to)
• By fits and starts (spasmodically)
• Foul play (cheating)
• To jump from a frying pan into fire (to come out of one trouble and get into a worse)
• To gain ground (to make progress in any undertaking)
• To play to the gallery (to endeavour to gain cheap popularity)
• To give up the ghost (to die)
• Those who live in glass houses should not throw stones (people who do not live blameless lives should not find fault with others)
• All that glitters is not gold (things are not always as attractive as they appears)
• A good for nothing (a worth less person)
• A good Samaritan (a friend in need)
• A wild goose chase (a vain attempt)
• To kill the goose that laid the golden egg (to lose a valuable source of income though greed)
• To cut a Gordian knot (to solve a difficult problem by adopting bold and drastic measures)
• From hand to hand (from one person to another)
• Hard and fast rules (strict rules)
• Hard to hearing (almost deaf )
• Back in harness (to resume work after a holiday)
• To die in harness (to continue at one’s occupation until death)
• More haste less speed (work done hurriedly is apt to be badly done)
• Make hay while the sun shines (take advantage of all opportunities)
• To be in hot water (to be in trouble or difficulty)
• To eat an humble pie (to submit oneself to humiliation and insult)
• To kiss the book (to take an oath in a produce or commodities)
• To kiss the dust (to be defeated in battle)
• A laconic speech (a concise)
• To look to one’s laurels (to take care not to lose one’s place)
• To win laurels (to gain distinction or glory in s contest)
• To smell of the lamp (to show signs of strenuous preparation for an examination or a speech etc)
• Look before you leap (think before action)
• To stand on one’s own legs (to depend entirely on one’s own resources)
• To give the lie to (to prove to be false)
• To bring to light (to reveal)
• A Lilliputian (a pygmy)
• The lion’s share (the largest part)
• Lock, stock and barrel (the whole of everything)
• A Martinet (a very strict disciplinarian)
• A miss is as good as a mile (comes nowhere near it)
• To move heaven and earth (to exert all efforts)
• To hit the nail on the head (to mention the true facts of a case)
• A stitch in time saves nine (If we give our attention to the little details of life)
• In a nutshell (Summed up in a few words)
• Out of temper (angry)
• To pick to pieces (to analyses critically)
• The proof of the pudding is in eating (people are judged by their actions)
• To put down a person (to degrade or humiliate a person)
• To make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear (to attempt to accomplish great things with inferior materials)
• Pyrrhic victory (a victory that is as costly as defeat)
• To be like a drowned rat (to be soaking wet)
• Red flag (the symbol of revolution)
• To be caught red-handed (to be caught in the very act of committing a crime)
• Red letter-day (a memorable day)
• Red tape (a team used to describe the delay in attending to matters in government department because the official routine and formality)
• Rome was not built in a day (it takes time to accomplish anything really worthwhile)
• To be between Scylla and Charybdis (to be faced with two dangerous alternatives)
• To see daylight (to begin to understand)
• A close shave (a narrow escape)
• A skeleton in the cupboard / the family skeleton (a dreadful domestic secret)
• By the skin of the teeth (very narrowly)
• A snake in the grass (an enemy who strikes under cover)
• A Spartan life (a life of extreme self discipline)
• To call a spade a spade (to be brutally frank)
• A rolling stone gathers no moss (unstable people never achieve anything worthwhile)
• One swallow does not make a summer (it is unreliable to base one’s conclusions on only a single test or incident)
• Empty vessels make the most noise (those who know or have little knowledge often shout the loudest)
• If wishes were horses, beggars might ride (if all people’s wishes came true every body would be rich)
• A nine days’ wonder (an event which relates a sensation for a time but is soon forgotten)
• Yellow press (newspapers which publish sensational and unscrupulous stories about crime, sex etc.)

SYNONYMS

SYNONYMS

Adandon desert, forsake, leave	fate lot, destiny, end
Abbreviate curtail, abridge, compress	fault error, flaw, defect
Abundant ample, copious, plentiful	fear terror, dread
Adore worship, idolize	fearful timid, cowardly, nervous
Alive lively, vivacious	fight battle, contest, combat
Ally colleague, helper, partner	float glide, drift, slip
Frank candid, open	Fond affectionate, loving
Alms offertory, dole, gratuity	Friend comrade, companion
Amend improve, ameliorate	frugal thrifty, sparing, economical
Anxiety misgiving, foreboding, solicitude	Fruitful fertile, fecund, prolific
Assent consent, acquiesce, agree	game pastime, sport, fun
Beautify adorn, decorate	general universal, common
Beg implore, solicit, beseech	genuine pure, real
Big huge, great, large	habit custom, way, usage
Blame censure, upbraid, reprove.	Hateful detestable, execrable
Blessing benediction, benison	Help aid, support, assist
Brave courageous, fearless, daring.	High tall, lofty, elaborate
Bright clear, intelligent, lustrous	hinder thwart, impede, obstruct
Brittle frail, fragile	Home abode, dwelling, residence
Disaster misfortune, calamity, adversity	Obedient meek, servile, respectful
Busy lively, alert, nimble	Infinite endless, limitless, boundless
Map plan, outline, chart	Discourse lecture, sermon, exhortation
Candid frank, open, outspoken	Care anxiery, solicitude
Catch seize, arrest, appreshend	Invasion raid, attack
Cause reason, purpose, motive	Invoke call, summon
Charity benevolence, philanthrop	Kind thoughtful, good, affectionate
Choose select, discriminate, differentiate	Lazy slothful, idle, inert
Clever ingenious, versatile, precocious	Lure coax, entice, seduce
Clothes attire, dress, garb,	Oblation gift, offering
Confess admit, own, acknowledge,	Character reputation,
Constant incessant, eternal, perpetual	Marry gay, jolly, jocund
Cross fretful, crusty, ill-humoured	Mistake blunder, fault, error
Cruelty oppression, tyranny, persecution	Motive reason, purpose
Dangerous perlous, risky, hazardous	Narrate tell, say, report
Dear expensive, costly	Necessary needful, requisite, essential
Decrease contract, lessen, curtail	Necessity want, need
Difficult hard, involved, intricate	Obey yield, submit
Malice spite, hate, rapacity

ANTONYMS OF THE WORD

ANTONYMS OF THE WORD

Cold	Hot		Live	Die		Lead	follow		employ	dismiss
Dry	wet		Long	Short		Land	water		liberty	slavery
Love	Hate		Like	Dislike		Bow	stern		think	guess
Question	Answer		Gay	Grave		Stationary	moving		work	rest
Asleep	Awake		Rejoice	Mourn		Dynamic	static		worker	drone
Front	Back		Pleasant	Disagreeable		centrifugal	centripetal		familiar	strange
Joy	Sorrow		Success	Failure		oriental	occidental		freedom	captivity
Begin	Cease		Harmony	Discord		miser	spendthrift		barren	fruitful
Find	Lose		Blessing	Curse		sober	intoxicated		sacred	profane
Friend	Enemy		Generous	Mean		spacious	limited		virtue	vice
Dead	Alive		Velour	Cowardice		future	past		wisdom	folly
Busy	Idle		Bravery	Cowardice		abundance	scarcity		polite	rude
Sweet	Sour		Advance	Retreat		common	rare		proper	common
Bright	dull		Arrive	Depart		simply	complex		Attack	Defend
True	FALSE		Before	After		ally	enemy		bashful	bold
Start	Finish		Appear	Vanish		teach	learn		inhale	exhale
Ugly	beautiful		Everywhere	Nowhere		natural	artificial		expand	contract
Near	far		Earth	Sea		polite	saucy		victor	vanquished
Kind	cruel		Hill	Valley		summit	base		antecedent	consequent
Empty	full		Mountain	Plain		apex	base		eager	reluctant
Ever	never		Right	Left		cloudy	clear		order	chaos
Bless	curse		Public	Private		dawn	duck		certain	doubt
Adult	child		Acute	Obtuse		ascend	descend		venial	unpardonable
North	south		Lazy	Industrious		vacant	occupied		rigid	flexible
Absent	present		Master	Servant		hope	despair		novice	veteran
Poor	rich		Arrive	Depart		interior	exterior		industry	sloth
Right	wrong		Remember	Forget		permanent	temporary		accelerate	retard
Win	lose		Appoint	Dismiss		obey	command		benevolent	malevolent
Peace	war		Knowledge	Ignorance		negative	positive		compulsory	voluntary
Rough	smooth		Placid	ruddy		conceal	reveal		analysis	synthesis
Coarse	fine		Raw	cooked		hide	show		surplus	deficit
Top	bottom		Help	hinder		singular	plural		prosperous	indigent
Buy	sell		Accept	refuse		foreign	native		consent	dissent
Life	death		Robust	feeble		smile	frown		include	exclude
Proud	humble		Good	bad		multiply	divide		transverse	longitudinal
Easy	difficult		Big	small		wax	wane		attract	distract
Cheap	dear		Clever	stupid		prosperity	adversity		amateur	professional
Inside	outside		Here	there		victory	defeat		confine	release
Give	take		first	last		superior	inferior		orthodox	heterodox
Hit	miss		early	late		level	steep		pure	adulterated
Wide	narrow		fat	thin		liquid	solid		lovely	repulsive
Loud	soft		join	separate		pardon	punish		graceful	hideous
Clean	dirty		light	dark		complainant	defendant		pugnacious	peaceful
Weep	laugh		Day	night		debtor	creditor		hostile	friendly
Collect	disperse		Many	few		rural	urban		gentile	Jew
Youth	age		All	none		emigrant	immigrant		monotony	variety
Modern	ancient		often	seldom		optimist	pessimist		survive	succumb
Former	latter		fresh	stale		sincere	insincere		prospective	retrospective
Least	greatest		straight	crooked		numerous	sparse		premature	overdue
Slender	stout		Weak	strong		transparent	opaque		caution	recklessness
East	west		Deep	shallow		pedestrian	passenger		force	compel
High	low		Open	close		powerful	feeble		colleague	antagonist
Upper	lower		Black	white		guilty	innocent		prudence	indiscretion
Higher	lower		praise	blame		heaven	hell		motionless	agitated
Better	worse		This	that		heroic	base		accurate	inaccurate
Entrance	exit		These	those		ancestor	progeny		Indigenous	Exotic
Active	passive		Morning	evening		assemble	disperse		Apprehend	Release
Noise	silence		Summer	winter		condemn	exonerate		Gaiety	Melancholy
Quiet	noisy		Young	old		slim	stout		Solitary	Populous
Inner	outer		Giant	dwarf		minimum	maximum		Sparse	Populated
Lend	borrow		Wild	tam		arrival	departure		Predecessor	Successor
Go	come		Gain	loss		reward	punishment		Confusion	Orderliness
Hard	soft		Happy	sad		economy	extravagance		Pleasure	Pain
Old	new		Daily	nightly		increase	decrease		Convict	Acquit
Junior	senior		Health	sickness		majority	minority		Engage	Dismiss

GOVERNOR GENERALS OF INDIA

GOVERNOR GENERALS OF INDIA

Lord William Bentinck (1828 – 1835):
• Carried out the social reforms like Prohibition of Sati (1829) and elimination of thugs (1830).
• Made English the Medium of higher education in the country (After the recommendations of Macaulay).
• Suppressed female infanticide and child sacrifice.
• Charter Act of 1833 was passed; made him the first Governor General of India. Before him, the designation was Governor General of Bengal.

Sir Charles Metcalfe (1835 – 1836): Abolished all restrictions on vernacular press (called Liberator of the Press).
Lord Auckland (1836 – 1842): The most important event of his reign was the First Afghan War, which proved to be a disaster for the English.

Lord Ellenborough (1842 – 1844)
Lord Hardinge I (1844 – 1848)

Lord Dalhousie (1848 – 1856):
• Opened the first Indian Railway in 1853 (from Bombay to Thane).
• Laid out the telegraph lines in 1853 (First was from Calcutta to Agra).
• Introduced the Doctrine of Lapse and captured Satara (1848), Jaipur and Sambhalpur (1849), Udaipur (1852), Jhansi (1853) and Nagpur (1854).
• Established the postal system on the modern lines through the length and breadth of the country, which made communication easier.
• Started the Public Works Department. Many bridges were constructed and the work on Grand Trunk Road was started. The harbors of Karachi, Bombay and Calcutta were also developed.
• Made Shimla the summer capital.
• Started Engineering College at Roorkee.
• Encouraged science, forestry, commerce, mineralogy and industry.
• In 1854, “Wood’s Dispatch’ was passed, which provided for the properly articulated system of education from the primary school to the university.
• Due to Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar’s efforts, remarriage of widows was legalized by Widow Remarriage Act, 1856).

VICEROYS OF INDIA

VICEROYS OF INDIA

Lord Canning (1856 – 1862):
• The last Governor General and the first Viceroy.
• Mutiny took place in his time.
• On Nov, 1858, the rule passed on to the crown.
• Withdrew Doctrine of Lapse.
• The Universities of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras were established in 1857.
• Indian Councils Act was passed in 1861.

Lord Elgin (1862 – 1863)

Lord Lawrence (1864 – 1869):
• Telegraphic communication was opened with Europe.
• High Courts were established at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras in 1865.
• Expanded canal works and railways.
• Created the Indian Forest department.

Lord Mayo (1869 – 1872):
• Started the process of financial decentralization in India.
• Established the Rajkot college at Kathiarwar and Mayo College at Ajmer for the Indian princes.
• For the first time in Indian history, a census was held in 1871.
• Organised the Statistical Survey of India.
• Was the only Viceroy to be murdered in office by a Pathan convict in the Andamans in 1872.

Lord Northbrook (1872 – 1876):

Lord Lytton (1876 – 1880):
• Known as the Viceroy to reverse characters.
• Organised the Grand ‘Delhi Durbar’ in 1877 to decorate Queen Victoria with the title of ‘Kaiser – I – Hind’.
• Arms Act(1878) made it mandatory for Indians to acquire license for arms.
• Passed the infamous Vernacular Press Act (1878).

Lord Ripon (1880 – 1884):
• Liberal person, who sympathized with Indians.
• Repeated the Vernacular Press Act (1882)
• Passed the local self – government Act (1882)
• Took steps to improve primary & secondary education (on William Hunter Commission’s recommendations).
• The I Factory Act, 1881, aimed at prohibiting child labour.
• Passed the libert Bill (1883) which enabled Indian district magistrates to try European criminals. But this was withdrawn later.

Lord Dufferin (1884 – 1888):
• Indian National Congress was formed during his tenure.

Lord Lansdowne (1888 – 1894):
• II Factory Act (1891) granted a weekly holiday and stipulated working hours for women and children, although it failed to address concerns such as work hours for men.
• Categorization of Civil Services into Imperial, Provincial and Subordinate.
• Indian Council Act of 1892 was passed.
• Appointment of Durand Commission to define the line between British India and Afghanistan.

Lord Elgin II (1894 – 1899):
• Great famine of 1896 – 1897. Lyall Commission was appointed.

Lord Curzon (1899 – 1905):
• Passed the Indian Universities Act (1904) in which official control over the Universities was increased.
• Partitioned Bengal (October 16, 1905) into two provinces 1, Bengal (proper), 2.East Bengal & Assam.
• Appointed a Police Commission under Sir Andrew Frazer to enquire into the police administration of every province.
• The risings of the frontier tribes in 1897 – 98 led him to create the North Western Frontier Province(NWFP).
• Passed the Ancient Monuments Protection Act (1904), to restore India’s cultural heritage. Thus the Archaeological Survey of India was established.
• Passed the Indian Coinage and Paper Currency Act (1899) and put India on a gold standard.
• Extended railways to a great extent.

Lord Minto (1905 – 1910):
• There was great political unrest in India. Various acts were passed to curb the revolutionary activities. Extremists like Lala Laipat Rai and Ajit Singh (in May, 1907) and Bal Gangadhar Tilak (in July, 1908) were sent to Mandalay jail in Burma.
• The Indian Council Act of 1909 or the Morley – Minto Reforms was passed.

Lord Hardinge (1910 – 1916):
• Held a durbar in dec, 1911 to celebrate the coronation of King George V.
• Partition of Bengal was cancelled (1911), capital shifted from Calcutta to Delhi (1911).
• A bomb was thrown at him; but he escaped unhurt (Dec 23, 1912).
• Gandhiji came back to India from S.Africa (1915).
• Annie Besant announced the Home Rule Movement.

Lord Chelmsford (1916 – 1921):
• August Declaration of 1917, whereby control over the Indian government would be gradually transferred to the Indian people.
• The government of India Act in 1919 (Montague – Chelmsford reforms) was passed.
• Rowlatt Act of 1919; Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (April 13, 1919).
• Non – Cooperation Movement.
• An Indian Sir S.P.Sinha was appointed the Governor of Bengal.
• A Women’s university was founded at Poona in 1916.
• Saddler Commission was appointed in 1917 to envisage new educational policy.
Lord Reading (1921 – 1926):
• Rowlatt act was repeated along with the Press act of 1910.
• Suppressed non-cooperation movement.
• Prince of Wales visited India in Nov.1921.
• Moplah rebellion (1921) took place in Kerala.
• Ahmedabad session of 1921.
• Formation of Swaraj Party.
• Vishwabharati University started functioning in 1922.
• Communist part was founded in 1921 by M.N.Roy.
• Kakory Train Robbery on Aug 9, 1925.
• Communal riots of 1923 – 25 in Multan, Amritsar, Delhi, etc.
• Swami Shraddhanand, a great nationalist and a leader of the Arya Samajists, was murdered in communal orgy.

Lord Irwin (1926 – 1931):
• Simon Commission visited India in 1928.
• Congress passed the Indian Resolution in 1929.
• Dandi March (Mar 12, 1930).
• Civil Disobedience Movement (1930).
• First Round Table Conference held in England in 1930.
• Gandhi – Irwin Pact (Mar 5, 1931) was signed and Civil Disobediance Movement was withdrawn.
• Martydorm of Jatin Das after 64 days hunger strike (1929).

Lord Willington (1931 – 1936):
• Second Round Table conference in London in 1931.
• On his return Gandhiji was again arrested and Civil Disobedience Movement was resumed in Jan 1932.
• Communal Awards (Aug 16, 1932) assigned seats to different religious communities. Gandhiji went on a epic fast in protest against this division.
• Third Round Table conference in 1932.
• Poona Pact was signed.
• Government of India Act (1935) was passed.

Lord Linlithgow (1936 – 1944):
• Govt. of India Act enforced in the provinces. Congress ministries formed in 8 out of 11 provinces. They remained in power for about 2 years till Oct 1939, when they gave up offices on the issue of India having been dragged into the II World War. The Muslim League observed the days as ‘Deliverance Say’ (22 December)
• Churchill became the British PM in May, 1940. He declared that the Atlantic Charter (issued jointly by the UK and US, stating to give sovereign rights to those who have been forcibly deprived of them) does not apply to India.
• Outbreak of World War II in 1939.
• Cripps Mission in 1942.
• Quit India Movement (August 8, 1942).

Lord Wavell (1944 – 1947):
• Arranged the Shimla Conference on June 25, 1945 with Indian National Congress and Muslim League; failed.
• Cabinet Mission Plan (May 16, 1946).
• Elections to the constituent assembly were held and an Interim Govt. was appointed under Nehru.
• First meeting of the constituent assembly was held on Dec. 9, 1946.

Lord Mountbatten (Mar.1947 – Aug.1947):
• Last Viceroy of British India and the first Governor General of free India.
• Partition of India decided by the June 3 Plan.
• Indian Independence Act passed by the British parliament on July 4, 1947, by which India became independent on August 15, 1947.
• Retried in June 1948 and was succeeded by C.Rajagopalachari (the first and the last Indian Governor General of free India).

IMPORTANT ALLOYS COMPOSITION

IMPORTANT ALLOY COMPOSITION

Name	Composition	Use
Brass	Cu(60% to 80%), Zn (40 to 20%)	For making household utencils
Bronze	Cu (75 to 90%), Sn (25 to 10%)	For making coins, idols, utencils
German Silver	Cu (60%), Zn (25%), Ni (15%)	For making utencils
Magnelium	Mg (5%), Al (95%)	For making aircraft frame
Rolled Gold	Cu(90%), Ni (10%)	For making cheap ornaments
Monel metal	Cu (70%), Ni (30%)	For making alkali resistant containers
Bell metals	Cu (80%), Sn (20%)	For making bells
Gun metal	Cu (85%), Zn (10%), Sn(5%)	Used for engineering purpose
Solder	Sn(50-75%), Pb (50-25%)	Soldering of metals
Duralium	Al (95%), Cu (4%), Mg (0.5%), Mn (0.5%)	In aircraft manufacturing
Steel	Fe (98%), C (2%)	For making nails, screws, bridges
Stainless Steel	Fe (82%) Cr, Ni (18%)	for making cooking utencils, knives